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Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (06:03)
by origami_alligator
The topic of debate here started over a simple map delisted on NUMA for "plagiarism" (with or without quotes, but that is for you to decide). An author had made a map using LittleViking's Level Generator and changed a few of the aspects of the map but maintained most of the rest of it and then submitted it to NUMA without crediting LV or his generator for it.

I claimed that it wasn't plagiarism, but Skyline disagreed. The argument presented was, "Does a program claim ownership to something free of cost, or does the fact that it is free allow one to use the product without crediting sources and claiming full ownership?"
For further reading and to see the argument held on IRC, click this.

[00:06] <@Pawz> LV, are you there?
[00:06] <&LittleViking> I am there. I am here.
[00:06] <@Pawz> okay, well, Skyline and I are in a bit of a situation.
[00:06] <@Pawz> We're debating whether taking a level directly from your level generator and calling it your own is plagiarism or not.
[00:07] <@Pawz> On one hand, you don't own the map, you own the generator.
[00:07] <@Pawz> On the other hand, you kind of own anything spawned from the generator.
[00:07] <@Pawz> Basically what it comes down to is: does not crediting your level generator make the map plagiarism?
[00:08] <@Pawz> Or is it just not crediting sources?
[00:08] <@Skyline> The two are congruent. D:<
[00:08] <@Pawz> they are not.
[00:08] <@Skyline> Plagiarism: "the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work."
...rocket_thumped joined #music and asked what was going on...
<Pawz> beethoveN submitted a map directly from LV's level generator and we're debating whether that's plagiarism or not.
<LittleViking> Not *directly*. He did edit it slightly but still left most of the generated map.
<Pawz> I say it's not quite plagiarism, but that he needs to credit his source otherwise.
<Skyline> He actually submitted it as his own work.
<rocket_thumped> Of course it isn't. You didn't make the map, LV.
<Pawz> Exactly.
* Pawz gloats about having Jerrod on his side.
<rocket_thumped> Should I credit Mare and Raigen everytime I make a map in ned?
<rocket_thumped> Your level generator is just another tool to make maps for N.
<Skyline> That doesn't fit at all.
<Pawz> It kind of does.
<rocket_thumped> Also.. how do you know he generated it?
<Skyline> It's obvious based on the tile and object patterns, Jerrod.
<Skyline> Let me go ahead and post the definition of plagiarism for you for the sake of clarity.
<Skyline> the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work.
<rocket_thumped> He didn't imitate the program.
<Alphy> It's a bunch of code, which randomly generates a level.
<Skyline> He took the product of the program and called it his own.
<Skyline> LittleViking did all of the work in question. He just put his name on it.
<Skyline> He didn't put forth any effort towards actually making it, save for placing a few rows of gold.
<Alphy> No, the code did the 'work' in this case. Doesn't make it plagiarism.
<Alphy> I can shit on a bit of paper, and I didn't put in any effort into making it.
<Pawz> Skyline, I want to restate my analogy.
<Pawz> It's like making a free music program with a few premade songs for free, and then having someone change the bass line and releasing it on the internet for free.
<rocket_thumped> Exactly Pawz.
<Skyline> Without any credit to where they got the source from?
<Skyline> That's like sampling 95% of a song and adding a bit of "ting ting" at the top without crediting the original song, Pawz.
<Pawz> If beethoveN were making money off of this map, I'd be worried.
<Pawz> And yes, I'd be a little annoyed if the person didn't credit the music program, but I did release it all for free, so who am I to complain?
<LittleViking> This is robot court.
<LittleViking> Now, I call no claim to the levels that come out of generator. I didn't make all of them, or really any of them. I am not their author. The debate here is: Can the program itself be considered an author?
<LittleViking> It places down all the tiles and objects just like a human would.
<rocket_thumped> LV, your program isn't an author.
<rocket_thumped> It's a tool.
<Skyline> It's an author.
<Alphy> It doesn't have a soul!
<rocket_thumped> Exactly.
<Alphy> ...
<Alphy> Really?
<Skyline> LittleViking's program crafts maps based on what he programmed it to. It fabricates maps. It is an author.
<rocket_thumped> Skyline, it generates them, with the intent of being random.
<Skyline> No.
<Skyline> It doesn't just randomly shove a bunch of objects and tiles together. There are specific patterns it follows.
<Pawz> correct. It follows a code.
<rocket_thumped> I can't believe we are arguing this. It isn't a sentient being, it doesn't do anything on its own.
[21:19] <rocket_thumped> You press a button, shit comes out.
[21:19] <LittleViking> If you slowed it down and watched its progress, it might appear to do work on its own.
[21:19] <Alphy> I'm just waiting for when it rebels.
[21:19] <Skyline> I can't believe we are getting into sentience now. XDE
[21:20] <Pawz> LV claims ownership over the generator, not the maps that come out. though it is nice to credit the source that you received the map from, LV doesn't own the map, therefore you can't call it plagiarism because it isn't owned.
[21:20] <rocket_thumped> I think Pawz puts it most clearly. If LV doesn't claim ownership to the maps that come out then there is no way it can be considered as stealing.
[21:21] <KinGAleX> You can't retroactively claim ownership to something?
[21:21] <KinGAleX> What if I bought a new couch?
[21:22] <KinGAleX> And didn't tell everyone in the world that I owned it?
[21:22] <KinGAleX> And then someone stole it?
[21:22] <KinGAleX> "You never claimed ownership."
[21:22] <Pawz> you purchased it, KA. We're talking about free items.
[21:22] <KinGAleX> What if I took it from the side of the road and put it in my house?
[21:22] <KinGAleX> And then same scenario?
[21:22] <Pawz> then yeah, it might be stealing.
[21:23] <Pawz> As long as you had a piece of paper on the couch that said, "I got this from Dunbar Road" I think it'd be alright, KA. You are crediting your sources after all.
[21:23] <Skyline> LittleViking, do you consider the maps that are generated your product?
[21:23] <Alphy> <&LittleViking> I mean, I don't mind too much if people don't credit the generator. I don't need credit for stuff that comes out of it. But it is a bit dishonest to call it your own.
[21:23] <LittleViking> It's not about my ownership, it's whether a map can belong to the program.
[21:23] <LittleViking> I don't claim ownership, but the generator might not be so altruistic.
[21:23] <KinGAleX> I agree with LV.
[21:23] <KinGAleX> It's like Kablizzy making half a map and giving it to me, and then me claiming the entire map as my own.
[21:23] <rocket_thumped> Do programs have rights?
[21:23] <KinGAleX> rocket_thumped: On a molecular level, they're just as interesting as you.
[21:24] <rocket_thumped> Alex, there is nothing molecular about it.
[21:24] <KinGAleX> I believe the program does have rights. Its one ability and purpose is to make maps. There is nothing else it can achieve.
[21:24] <rocket_thumped> It doesn't exist in a physical form.
[21:24] <KinGAleX> Yes it does. It exists as an interaction between other physical objects and electrical movements. There is not a single thing that doesn't have a physical form.
[21:25] <KinGAleX> If you steal a dog's chew toy, is it still stealing? The dog is as sentient as a program.
[21:26] <Pawz> no it isn't, Ka. the difference between sentient animals and programs is that programs cannot act outside of their "code"
[21:26] <KinGAleX> That's a matter of opinion, Pawz.
[21:25] <rocket_thumped> Bah. Programs don't have rights to property, you don't see assembly line robots at the Ford plant claiming ownership to Ford Fusions
[21:26] <KinGAleX> The program didn't put one tile on the map. It made the whole car.
[21:26] <KinGAleX> And this guy changed the dashboard colour.
[21:26] <KinGAleX> The guy didn't pay for the car so I'd say the car still belongs to the Ford factory.
[21:26] <Skyline> If you had one robot that constructed an entire car, and someone stole it, would you still have to credit it as being either the robot's or the car designer's?
[21:27] <KinGAleX> Skyline: I can see it as either way.
[21:27] <KinGAleX> For the argument's sake, I could argue that it was the robot's. But realistically, no, it belongs to the Ford corporation.
[21:27] <Skyline> But I mean, you would still have to credit it. It would still be stealing.
[21:27] <rocket_thumped> robots aren't sentient beings.
[21:27] <KinGAleX> Imagine that the Ford corporation gave these car-making robots away. And then someone claimed the car-making robot's creation as his own.
[21:28] <KinGAleX> That's the situation we've got.
[21:28] <rocket_thumped> Wait. the car-making robots aren't made by ford.
[21:28] <rocket_thumped> So ford takes the product from the car-making robots and calls it their own.
[21:28] <KinGAleX> Says who?
[21:29] <KinGAleX> All the rights to the car-making robots' property is signed away when Ford contracts their building from the robot-building robots.
[21:29] <rocket_thumped> You really think they sign a contract to claim the things they make?
[21:29] <KinGAleX> I daresay they do in this day and age.
[21:29] <Pawz> Problem: Ford has purchased and claimed the rights to anything the robots make.
[21:29] <Pawz> If the robots suddenly started acting outside of their code and made motorcycles without reprogramming them, Ford could still claim the product as their own.
[21:30] <LittleViking> As a better comparison to the original argument, it's like beethoveN inviting you over to his house to show you the car he just finished building, and then following him into his garage where he shows you a Ford F-150 with "beethoveN" sharpied across the hood.
[21:30] <KinGAleX> And the robot sitting next to it.
[21:30] <KinGAleX> He's not going to say "Oh, the robot didn't do anything."
[21:30] <KinGAleX> He's going to say "The robot did everything other than the beethoveN and the red cup holders."
[21:31] <KinGAleX> Unless he's a twat in which case you probably wouldn't go to his house in the first place.
[21:31] <rocket_thumped> I'm not budging though.
[21:31] <rocket_thumped> Unless LV claims the maps are his own thant beethoveN is just a twat... not a theif.
[21:31] <KinGAleX> Thief is completely subjective. I don't think LV has to claim anything.
[21:32] <rocket_thumped> The generator is a tool just like ned. He doesn't need to credit anything unless LV requires him to do so.
[21:32] <KinGAleX> I disagree.
[21:32] <Skyline> I disagree as well.


Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (06:19)
by Skyling
Hm.

Balls.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (06:56)
by Kablizzy
The LV generator was made entirely for user-end usage. That's precisely what it's there for. Beyond the idea that LV doesn't want to be credited anyway, passing off a map as one's own when it's clearly LV-itized isn't much of a crime anyway. The fact that the LV generator is free is wholly irrelevant, as I see it presented - Even if it were a pay-to-use service, not crediting LV would still not be a crime. Not crediting someone's tileset used from NUMA is certainly not - even though some consider it to be, despite it being in the public domain - The tilesets generated by the LV Generator are made quite explicitly for public use, and whether the author in question changed nothing or changed everything also becomes irrelevant.

LV hit the nail on the head - It's a dick move not to say, "Hey, this came out of the LV generator, and I thought it was cool." But the LV generator is not and cannot be an author, and certainly isn't being wronged by not being credited.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (07:22)
by Lenny
I heard about this, and read a small bit of it. I think it's good to credit the generator as a tool, just to say you used something other than Ned. You should also change the maps a bit, because submitting a purely-generated map seems pointless and unoriginal. However, if you credit it and say you modified some things, I think that's best.

----------------
Now playing: Nintendo - [bonus] Speed Test
via FoxyTunes

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (10:46)
by blue_tetris
Does the electricity traveling through the neurons of you and I differ all that much from the electricity in the Map Generator's own circuits?

Maybe if you stopped to consider the complexity of this machine, you'd no longer see such a stark difference between Man and Man-Made.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (15:25)
by unoriginal name
Haha, reading that, I had a total Duchamp moment. The original argument is very similar.


I say beethoveN is making a revolutionary statement about what is mapmaking.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (15:56)
by jean-luc
I think the fact that something is distributed for free is wholly irrelevant. I freely offer much of my work, but I still require attribution. Whether or not something is provided for free, licensing very typically requires attribution to the original offer.

From a simple perspective, I think you should always give credit where credit is due.

From a legal perspective, it depends on how the item is released. Almost licenses that offer something for free (Creative Commons, GPL, Copyleft, FSF, Mozilla, BSD, etc...) retain certain rights for the original creators. One of the rights maintained is that of credit - use of the work requires attributing the original author. LV should have specific a license when he released the software for free (quite frankly, if he didn't specify a license when he released the software, it's his own fault. No matter how much you want to give something out for free, for your protection and the protection of your users you should always indicate a license or specific rights. for most things, I recommend Creative Commons (CC) licenses - http://creativecommons.org/. If you really don't care, then explicitly specify that you are releasing the work to the public domain).

From a community standpoint, I think that in the mapping community (as in virtually all academic and artistic communities) it is a standard community expectation that you cite the work of others whenever you use something that isn't yours. This has nothing to do with the legal ramifications, it's simply an expectation of the community to ensure that everyone receives credit where it is due.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (16:31)
by yungerkid
the machine is a tool. i agree with Kablizzy.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (18:58)
by DemonzLunchBreak
I agree with jean-luc.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.18 (20:45)
by lord_day
Firstly, I'd like to say that rocket_thumped's argument about citing NED is not really a valid one, as it is implied with every map made that NED was used, while it is not implied with any map made that LV's level generator was used. I also think the argument that not giving credit is not a 'crime' is a ridiculous one, because the issue is not whether the map breaks a legal law, but whether or not it violates the NUMA 'laws' that are determined by Arachnid, his admins and moderators, and to some extent the community.

I believe not crediting LV's generator is wrong on NUMA, to the extent that the map should have been delisted. By not crediting LV's generator, beethoveN has claimed the he decided where to place every object and tile in that map, which he clearly didn't, and that the whole creativity behind it came from his mind, which it clearly didn't.

I leave you with this:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6200005.stm

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.19 (00:12)
by blue_tetris
The generator is a tool; but if you deny the generator, then you are a tool.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.19 (03:32)
by George
blue_tetris wrote:The generator is a tool; but if you deny the generator, then you are a tool.
Hahahaha.

Jean-Luc's right. While you're not obliged to credit in this situation, it's only courteous (and ethical) to acknowledge any sources.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.19 (13:31)
by Tanner
Derivative works are good for everyone, including the originator. I refer you to Free Culture.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.19 (18:33)
by Eiturlyf
The level generator doesn't mind if you use his maps without crediting :/

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.19 (22:28)
by jean-luc
rennaT wrote:Derivative works are good for everyone, including the originator. I refer you to Free Culture.
Free Culture is an excellent book.
Notice that the book is offered under a Creative Commons license, and straight on the webpage you linked to, Creative Commons licenses are recommended to make your work freely available. All Creative Commons licenses require attribution to the original author.

Even in the modern movement of free information. attribution is still almost always required. This prevents others from 'stealing' your work, not in a financial way, but in an academic way.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.20 (01:47)
by Kablizzy
lord_day wrote:Firstly, I'd like to say that rocket_thumped's argument about citing NED is not really a valid one, as it is implied with every map made that NED was used, while it is not implied with any map made that LV's level generator was used. I also think the argument that not giving credit is not a 'crime' is a ridiculous one, because the issue is not whether the map breaks a legal law, but whether or not it violates the NUMA 'laws' that are determined by Arachnid, his admins and moderators, and to some extent the community.

I believe not crediting LV's generator is wrong on NUMA, to the extent that the map should have been delisted. By not crediting LV's generator, beethoveN has claimed the he decided where to place every object and tile in that map, which he clearly didn't, and that the whole creativity behind it came from his mind, which it clearly didn't.

I leave you with this:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6200005.stm
Really? Instead of berating him and sniping all of the maps he ever makes? I thought we did things differently around here, but maybe I was mistaken.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.20 (18:28)
by BNW
This is probably the most pointless argument.

Here is what LV said, <LittleViking> Now, I call no claim to the levels that come out of generator. I didn't make all of them, or really any of them. I am not their author. The debate here is: Can the program itself be considered an author?

The answer is NO. If you consider the program an author, then ultimately LV is the author. He doesn't give claim to any of the levels, so either way beethoveN did not do anything "wrong" in a plagaristic sense.

Now...

I believe in giving credit when it is due. beethoveN made a dick move when he didn't credit, but as Jean-Luc said, unless LV gave the program a specific licensing, beethoveN doesn't have to credit anything.

In the words of Ebenezer Scrooge, "BAHHH, HUMBUG!"

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.20 (20:31)
by Nexx
I didn't read the whole conversation, but I read enough. You guys need to keep the issues in perspective.

First off, the two analogies that were brought up early on were both off. You needn't credit M&R for NED when submitting a map made with NED because NED is simply an editor and will not make maps for you. On the other hand, taking a song, changing a minor part of it, and releasing it as your own is plagiarism. The authors made that specific song. Your song is 90% the same as theirs. That's plagiarism. Meanwhile, LV made a random level generator. Therefore, levels generated by that program are inherently not his work. Though since he did make the program, proper credit is a must.

On that last issue, let's put it this way: LV indirectly caused isaacx's map to come about. Without LV's map generator, isaacx's map would not be. Therefore LV gets at least some credit. On the other hand, it's not plagiarism because LV didn't make the specific map, his program did. You can't copy something that somebody hasn't made, so to speak. And I'm speaking legally as well. If someone wanted to sue isaacx for releasing that map as his own, it would be about crediting issues, not plagiarism.

As for the robot rights stuff, that's all nonsense. You're missing a huge point: LV's level generator did not make any decisions of its own when making the map. It's a random map generator. It follows a list of instructions in which each and every decision that has to be made about the map is made through randomness. You could follow the instructions yourself, and you would find that you are making no creative choices of your own.

That's my $0.02.

Re: Plagiarism and Robot Rights

Posted: 2008.12.21 (05:39)
by scythe
I'd say map generator maps should be marked in the same way N Art Maker maps are marked. It's not a question of rights, but of what people should take into account when criticizing the map.

For the record, the rights of a computer are currently really only applicable to supercomputers and botnets at the moment.